-NRLF 


B   M   2b7   Ell 


GIFT  OF 


Mesabi  Iron  Range  of  Minnesota 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

By 
SIGNA  NIEMI 


Compliments  of 

The  Public  Library 

Eveleth*  Minn. 


Library  School 

UNIVERSITY  OF  WISCONSIN 
June  1920 


Mesabi  Iron  Range  of  Minnesota 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

By 
SIGNA  NIEMI 


Compliments  of 

The  Public  Library 

Eveleth*  Minn. 


Library  School 

UNIVERSITY  OF  WISCONSIN 
June  1920 


INTRODUCTION 


£.. 


The  Mesabi  Iron  Range  is  a  group  of  low,  iron  ore-bearing 
hills  extending  from  Grand  Rapids  on  the  Mississippi  River  to 
Birch  Lake,  a  distance  of  about  100  miles  with  a  width  varying 
from  2  to  10  miles,  and  about  75  miles  northwest  of  Duluth.  Its 
area  is  about  400  square  miles.  The  following  are  the  towns  and 
cities  located  on  the  Range:  Biwabik,  McKinley,  Eveleth,  Gilbert, 
Virginia,  Mt.  Iron,  Hibbing,  Buhl,  Coleraine,  Chisholm,  Keewatin, 
Nashwauk  and  Bovey.  In  1918  sixty-two  per  cent  of  the  iron  ore 
mined  in  North  America  was  mined  in  Minnesota  and  of  this  the 
greatest  supply  came  from  the  Mesabi  Range,  which  was  unknown 
-lit  189&.-"  Jlii''.lj39f2  occurred  the  first  shipment  of  marketable  ore. 

.Nofrr  mu.ch,  literature  on  the  Mesabi  Range  has  been  written, 
' ,tlre -exeeptijon  of  that  concerned  with  the  geology  and  the 
mines.  This  bibliology  aims  to  cover  the  material  found  in  Madi- 
son, Wisconsin,  libraries  and  a  few  entries  from  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Library  and  the  Eveleth,  Minnesota,  Public  Library. 
The  mining  and  geology  sections  are  not  complete,  because  of  the 
existence  of  the  "Bibliography  of  Minnesota  Mining  and  Geology, 
1915,"  compiled  by  Winifred  Gregory  (Wisconsin  Library  School. 
1910)  for  the  School  of  Mines,  University  of  Minnesota.  These 
sections  of  this  bibliography  have  entries  bringing  Miss  Gregory's 
up-to-date  and  also  a  few  before  1915  found  in  her  bibliography 
which  have  been  personally  examined. 

Articles  preceded  by  an  asterisk  have  not  been  personally  ex- 
amined because  the  publication  itself  was  not  available  at  the  time. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

AGRICULTURE 4 

BIOGRAPHY    4 

DESCRIPTION 4 

FOREST  FIRES   5 

GEOLOGY  6 

General 6 

Ores    10 

Peat  Deposits 11 

HISTORY  AND  EARLY  EXPLORATION 11 

MINES  AND  MINING 13 

Accidents  and  Accident  Prevention 13 

Description     13 

Ownership  of  Mines 15 

Production    15 

Taxation 16 

Transportation 16 

SOCIAL  CONDITIONS 16 

Education    16 

General 17 

Immigrants  and  Americanization 17 

Strikes   .  .18 


444219 


MESABI  IRON  RANGE  OF  MINNESOTA 

AGRICULTURE 

Leverett,  Frank,  oi.  Louis  County,  by  Frank  Leverett  and  F.  W. 
Sandeson  (in  their  Minnesota  Geological  Survey.  Bulletin  No. 
13.  1917.  p.  55-58.  Pain.) 

This  describes  the  agricultural  conditions  and  land  classi- 
fication on  the  Mesabi  Range. 

McGuire,  A.  J.  Address  (in  Cows  in  clover.  Duluth  public  affairs 
committee,  1907.  Pam.) 

This  address  was  given  by  Mr.  McGuire,  who  had  charge 
of  the  Experimental  station  at  Grand  Rapids. 

BIOGRAPHY 

History  and  biography  of  Northern  Minnesota.      Ogle,    1902. 

The  following  biographies  have  references  to  the  Mesabi 
Range:  Nels  Anderson,  p.  975-976;  C.  W.  Miller,  p.  981  ;  J.  A. 
Healy,  p.  986-989;  T.  A..  Brady,  p.  990;  C.  W.  Kimberly,  p. 
204-205;  J.  F.  Buh,  p.  212-215*;  Andrew  Hawkinson,  p.  221)- 
230;  G.  A.  Whitman,  p.  251  ;  Colvin  and  Robb,  p.  313-314;  S.  E. 
Moreni  p.  431;  Mathew  Prettiier,  p.  458;  Mathias  Bilban,  p. 
495-4.06;  O.  M.  Stockland,  p.  521-522;  Charles  Jesmore,  p. 
530;  P.  O.  Hanson,  p.  577;  G.  A.  Smith,  p.  598;  Alfred  Burk, 
p.  645;  Gustaf  Johnson,  p.  666-669;  J.  A.  Redfern,  p.  702; 
C.  M.  Atkinson,  p.  735;  John  Costin,  Jr.,  p.  754;  J.  J.  Stuart, 
p.  765-766;  E.  J.  Longyear,  p.  772-773;  W.  L.  Hill,  p.  889; 
Albert  Rohrer,  p.  916;  C.  E.  Nelson,  p.  922-923;  W.  D.  Ells- 
worth, p.  936;  J.  S.  Lutes,  p.  960. 

DESCRIPTION 

Clark,  C.  H.  Hibbing  traveling  library  (in  Library  notes  and  news 
of  the  department  of  education  in  Minnesota.  Dec.  1919.  v. 
6.  p.  57-59.)  .  .« 

Miss  Clark  has  described  not  only  library  extension  but 
also  some  of  the  outlying  mining  districts  of  Hibbing  which 
are  typical  of  the  entire  Range. 

Encyclopedia  Americana.  1919.  See  the  article  on  Iron  Ore — 
Iron  ore  districts. 

This  is  a  short,  descriptive  article. 

Epoch  of  Progress  in  Northern  Minnesota.  Daily  Virginian,  1915. 
Pam. 

This  gives  a  good  account  of  iron  mining,  agriculture,  lum- 
bering and  other  features  of  the  Range.  It  also  takes  up  the 
individual  cities. 

Hudson,  E.  H.  Mesabi  Iron  Range  (in  his  Half  Century  of  Min- 
nesota. 1900.  p.  62.) 

This  is  a  short,  concise  article. 


Lippincott.     Gazateer  of  tlie  world.      1906.      See  entries  under  Bi- 
wabik,   Buhl,   Chisholm,  Eveleth,   Hibbing  and   Virginia. 

Brief  information  of  each  town  is  given. 

Minnesota    Public    Library    Commission.      Biennial    reports.       1899- 
1916.     v.   1-9.     See  index  under  Range  cities  for  material. 

Practically  all  of  these  entries  are  concerned  with  libraries 
and  library   news. 

-  Library   notes   and   news.      1904-1918.      v.    1-6.      See    index 
under  the  Range  cities  for  material. 

All    of   these    entries     are     concerned     with     libraries     and 
library  news. 

^Municipal  Recreational  Building  at  Eveleth,  Minnesota.     Improve- 
ment bulletin,  Feb.   15,   1919.     v.  54,  p.  7-9. 
Musser,  D.  C.  \V.     Hibbing.     Duluth  News  Tribune,  n.  d.     Pam. 

Mr.  Musser  claims  that  this  is  the  richest  village  on  earth. 
This  is  an  excellent  description  of  the  resources  of  the  city. 

Virginia     in     the     great     stsate     of     Minnesota.        Virginia. 
Quickprint,  n.  d.     Pam. 

This    is    a    very    good    description    of    the    city    and    its    re- 
sources. 

New    International    encyclopedia.      2nd   ed.      1915.      See   articles   on 
Hibbing,  Iron  ore,  Virginia,  Eveleth  and  Chisholm. 

These  are  short  descriptive  articles. 

White,  T.        Through  darkest  America.      Outing,  Oct.    1892.      v.  21, 
p.  3-161  ;  10-46,3. 

This  tells  of  a  trip  taken  in  Northern  Minnesota  and  men- 
tions Long  lake  and  Portage. 

\Voodridge,  D.  E.     Mining     (in  Minnesota.        1904.   p.  84-96.   Pam.) 
This  was  prepared  for  distribution  at  the  World's  Fair  at 
St.    Louis.      Mr.    Woodbridge    tells    of    the    importance    of    the 
Mesabi  ores  to  the  United  States  at  large,  and  also  gives  a  bit 
about  the  history  and  social   conditions  of  the  Range. 
World  book.      1918.      See  articles  on   Hibbing,   Virginia  and   Iron- 
Iron  ore. 

Information   under  these  entries  is  brief. 

FOREST  FIRES 

Bruno,   F.   J.      In   the   path   of   the   flames.      Survey,   Oct.    26.    1918. 

v.  41,  p.  83-84. 

This  article  gives  the  area  covered  by  the  fire  and   relief 

work  and  rehabilitation  following. 
Cordiner,   L.      Rationing  the   fire   sufferers   of  Minnesota.      Journal 

of  Home  economics,  Aug.   1919.     v.   11,  p.  347-351. 

This  does  not  mention  the  Mesabi   Range   (onty  St.   Louis 

county)    but  clothing  etc,   was   supplie;    by  most  of  the   Range 

towns  and  sent  to  Duluth. 
Mesabi  Iron   Range  forest   fires.      Engineering  and   mining  journal. 

July  1,   1893.     v.  56,  p.   14. 


Tells  about  the  first  fire  that  destroyed  Virginia  and  Mer- 
ritt>  mainly  as  it  concerned  mining. 

Motor  corps  in  the  fire  zone  (in  How  Minnesota  gave  the  United 
states  the  first  military  motor  corps.  1919.  p.  97-110.  Minn. 
Bacroft.) 

This  is  a  description  of  the  fire  that  swept  part  of  the 
Range. 

Richardson,  H.  W.  Northeastern  forest  fires  of  October  12,  1918. 
Geographical  review.  April  1919.  p.  220-282. 

This  does  not  mention  the  Mesabi  Range  but  this  fire  did 
cover  parts  of  the  Range. 

GEOLOGY 
General 

Bayley,  YV .  S.  Actiiiolite-magnetite  schists  from  the  Mesabi  Iron 
Range  in  Northeastern  Minnesota.  American  journal  sciem-e. 
Sept.  1893.  v.  46,  p.  176-180. 

> —  -  Basic  massine  rocks  of  the  Lake  Superior  region.  Journal 
of  Geology,  1893.  v.  1,  p.  433-456,  587-596,  688-716.  189  f. 
v.  2,  p.  814-825;  1895,  v.  3,  p.  1-20. 

"A  detailed  description  of  the  gabbreo  and  related  rocks 
of  northeastern  Minnesota." 

Broderick,  T.  M.  Detail  stratigraphy  of  the  Biwabik  iron  bearing 
formation,  East  Mesabi  district,  Minnesota.  Economic  geol- 
ogy, Sept.-Oct.  1919.  v.  14,  p.  441-451. 

Clu-ster,  A.  H.  Iron  region  of  Northeastern  Minnesota  (in  Minne- 
sota geological  and  natural  history  survey.  Report.  1884. 
p.  154-167. 

"Professor  Chester  of  Hamilton  College  published  an  ac- 
count of  an  examination  of  the  eastern  end  of  the  Mesabi  Range. 
made  in  1875  for  private  parties.  This  was  the  first  examina- 
tion of  the  Range  by  a  mining  expert  noted  in  literature.  Coin- 
ing from  Duluth  on  the  south,  he  struck  the  Mesabi  Range  :\[ 
the  portage  of  the  Embarrass  and  worked  northeast  along  the 
Range,  T.  60  X.,  R.  12  W.  In  general  the  reader  gathers  the 
impression  from  Professor  Chester's  report  that  he  is  not 
favorably  impressed  with  the  value  of  the  iron  ores  from 
the  part  of  the  district  visited  by  him."  Leith,  C.  K. 

Flames,  H.  H.  Geological  reconnoissance  of  the  northern,  eastern. 
middle  and  other  counties  of  Minnesota  (in  Minnesota  Geologi- 
cal Survey.  Report.  1866.  p.  1-58.) 

"Eames,  referring  to  the  'gigantic  uplifts'  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  state,  which  reach  their  greatest  altitude'  at  or  near 
Missabe  Heights,'  states  'In  this  region  are  found  also  im- 
mense bodies  of  ore.'  In  a  geological  reconnaissance  Pogegama 
Falls  and  the  Falls  of  Prairie  River  were  visited."  C.  K.  Leilh. 

Fames,    H.    H.      Metalliferous    region    bordering    on    Lake    Superior 

6 


(iii  Minnesota  Geological  Surve}7.     Report.      1866.     p.  8-9.) 

"In  1865  Eames  crossed  the  'Mesabi  Wasju'  at  Embarrass 

Lake,  and  in  his  report  mentions  the  granite  there  seen."    C.  K. 

Leith. 
El  ft  man  j  A.  H.     Geology  of  the  Keweenawan  area  in  Northeastern 

.Minnesota    (in    American    Geology.       1898.      v.    21,    p.    90-109, 

175-188;  v.  22,  p.   131-149.) 

"The  glacial   history  of  the   northern   part   of   the   state   i*-: 

reviewed."     C.   K.  Leith. 

-  Preliminary  report  of  the  field  work  during   1893   in  north- 
eastern Minnesota   (in  Minnesota  Geological  and  Natural   His- 
tory Survey.      Report,    1894.      p.    159-169.) 

."Mr  Elftmaii  gives  a  detailed  description  of  the  iron  for- 
mation on  Birch  Lake  and  southwcstward."     C.  K.  Leith. 
Grant*  U.   S.      Contact  metamorphism   of   a   basic   igneous   rock    (in 
Geological   Society   America.      Bulletin.      1900.      v.    11,   p.   503- 
510.)  " 

"Dr.  Grant  describes  the  contact  metamorphism  caused 
by  the  great  gabbro  of  Northeastern  Minnesota  on  rocks  with 
which  it  come  in  contact."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Sketch   of   the   geology   of   the   Eastern   end   of   the   Mesabi 
Iron   Range   in    Minnesota    (in    University   of   Minnesota   Year- 
book.     1898.     v.  6,  p.  49-62.) 

This  is  a   concise   detailed   article. 

*Grout,  F.  F.  Nature  and  origin  of  the  Biwabik  iron  bearing  fo**- 
mation  of  the  Mesabi  Range,  Minnesota  (in  Economic  Geol- 
ogy. 1919.  v.  14,  p.  452-464.) 

*  Harder,  E.  C.  Preliminary  report  on  the  geology  of  cast  cen- 
tral Minnesota,  by  E.  C.  Harder  and  A.  W.  Johnson  (in  Min- 
nesota Geological  Survey.  Bulletin,  No.  15.  1918.  p.  11-12, 
20-21.  Pain.) 

Irving,  R.  D.  Copper  bearing  rocks  of  Lake  Superior  (in  United 
States  Geological  Survey.  Monograph.  1883.  v.  5.  p.  382- 
384.) 

"In  his  famous  monograph  on  the  copper-bearing  rocks  of 
Lake  Superior,  Irving  correlates  the  Mesabi  iron-bearing  rocks 
as  far  west  as  Pokegama  Falls  with  the  slates  and  associated 
iron-bearing  rocks  at  Gunflint  Lake  and  then  eastward  to 
Thunder  Bay."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Irving,  R.  D.  Origin  of  the  ferruginous  schists  and  iron  ore  of  the 
Lake  Superior  region.  American  Journal  Science,  1886.  v.  32, 
p.  255-272. 

Irving  concludes  that  the  original  form  of  the  iron  bear- 
ing locks  of  the  Lake  Superior  region  was  iron  carbonate.  No 
direct  reference  is  made  to  the  ores  of  the  Mesabi  district." 
C.  K.  LeitV 

Leverett,  Frank.  Elevation  of  the  Mesibi  Range  (in  Minnesota 
Geological  Survey — Surface  formation  and  agricultural  comli- 


tions  of  Northwestern  Minnesota.     Bulletin  no.   12,  1915.     p.  8. 
Pam.) 

Tliis  mentions  the  highest  elevation  of  the  Mesabi  Iron 
Range. 

Nicollet,  J.  N.  Report  intended  to  illustrate  a  map  of  the  hydro- 
graphical  basin  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  River  (in  Twenty- 
sixth  congress,  2d  session*  senate  document,  no.  237*.  Report. 
1811.  p.  63.) 

"Rocks  at  Pokegama  Falls  are  briefly  described  and  Mis- 
saby  Heights  are  indicated  on  the  map  for  the  first  time." 
C.  K.  Leith. 

Norwood,  J.  G.  Geology  of  the  Northwestern  and  \vestern  por- 
tion of  the  valley  of  Lake  Superior  (in  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey. Report.  1852.  p.  213-418.) 

"Tl  is  report  was  made  under  instructions  from  the  United 
States  Treasury  department,  by  D.  D.  Owens,  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  Norwood  crossed  the  Mesabi  Range  in  two  places,  at  Gun 
flint  and  Embarrass  Lake."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Spurr,  J.  E.  Preliminary  report  of  field  work  done  in  1893  (in 
U.  S.  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey.  Report.  1891* 
p.  115-124.) 

"Air.  Spurr  describes  the  general  features  of  the  Mesnbi 
Range." 

-  Iron-bearing  rocks  of  the  Mesabi  Range  in  Minnesota  (in 
Minnesota  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey.  Bulletin 
no.  10.  1891.  p.  1-268.) 

Mr.  Spurr  was  the  first  to  make  a  systematic  study  of  the 
origin  of  the  ores  and  his  conclusions  published  in  this  report 
are  of  much  interest. 

Same  in  American  Geology.      1894.      v.    13,  p.  335-345. 
Upham,    Warren.      Preliminary   report   of   field    work   done   in    1893 
in   Northeastern    Minnesota    (in    U.   S.    Geological    and    Natural 
History    Survey.      Report.       1894.      p.    18-66.) 

Mr.    Upham    gives    a    general    discussion    of    the    Northern 
part  of  Minnesota,  chiefly  relating  to  the  glacial  drift. 
Van   Hise,  C.  R.      Mesabi  iron  district  of  Minnesota   (in   U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  the  Lake  Superior  region.      1911.      See  index 
under  Mesabi. 

These  articles  give  the  history  and  later  development  of 
the  mines. 

\Yhittlesey,  Charles.  A  report  of  explorations  in  the  mineral  regions 
of  Minnesota  during  the  years  1848,  1859  and  1864.  Cleve- 
land. 1866. 

"Colonel  Whittlesey  gives  a  vague  account  of  the  North- 
ern part  of  the  state.  The  region  is  referred  to  as  'an  imper- 
fectly defined  region  of  granite,  syemite,  mica,  slate,  siliceous 
and  talcose  rocks  extending  to  and  across  the  natural  bound- 
ary.' Quart/ite  of  Pokegama  Falls  is  compared  to  the  Pot.s- 

8 


dam  sandstone."     C.  K.  Leith. 

Willis,  Baily.  Report  of  a  trip  011  the  upper  Mississippi  and  to  the 
Vermillion  Lake,  Minnesota  (in  U.  S. — Census  1866.  v.  15? 
p.  457-161.) 

"Mr.  Wills  describes  the  rocks  at  Pokegama  Falls  and  the 
two  falls  of  the  Prairie  River  and  accompanies  the  description 
with  a  sketch  map  of  both  places."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Winchell,  II.  V.  Minnesota- — Geological  and  Natural  History  Sur- 
vey. Report.  1888.  p.  488-440. 

"Here  is  a  brief  description  of  Pokegama  and  Prairie 
Falls."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  JVIesabi  Iron  Range   (in  Minnesota — Geological  and  Natural 
History  Survey.      Report.      1893.      p.   111-180.) 

"This  is  the  mosts  comprehensive  discussion  of  the  Range 
up  to  this  time,  particularly  in  its  Western  portion.  The  fol- 
lowing mines  are  described:  Biwabik,  Cincinnati,  Canton, 
Kanawha,  Hale,  Missabe,  Mountain,  Ohio,  Wyoming,  Lake 
Superior,  New  England,  Virginia,  Paddock,  Lone  Jack  and 
Security."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Same  in  Trans-American  Institute  Mining  Engineering. 
1893.  v.  21,  p.  644-686. 

-  Report   of   a   field   observation   made   during   the    season    of 
1888  in  the  iron  region  of  Minnesota   (in  Minnesota — Geologi- 
cal  and  Natural  History  Survey.      Report.      1889.      p.   77-145.) 

"H.  V.  Winchell  here  reports  on  a  trip  from  Birch  Lake 
southwest  along  the  Dunka  River,  along  the  Mesabi  Range  to 
the  Duluth  and  Iron  Range  Railroad  and  back  again  to  Birch 
Lake."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Winchell.  X.  H.  Crystalline  rocks  (in  Minnesota — Geological  and 
Natural  History  Survey.  Report.  1893.  p.  1-28.) 

"Professor  Winchell  discusses  the  general  age  of  the  crys- 
talline rocks  in  Northeastern  Minnesota."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  .Minnesota — Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey.    Report, 
1881.     p.   106-109. 

"Professor  Winchell  writes  of  a  trip  down  the  P'ke 
River  across  the  portage  to  Embarrass  River,  down  the  Embar- 
rass to  the  Dam.  The  magnetic  character  of  the  formation  is 
noted."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Minnesota — Geological    and    Natural    History   Survey.      Re- 
port.     1884.     p.  168-170. 

"Professor  Winchell  discusses  the  age  of  the  Mesabi  rocks." 
C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Minnesota — Geological    and    Natural    Histoiy   Survey.      Re- 
port,  1885.     p.   10-24. 

"Professor  Winchell  describes  the  rocks  of  the  Mesabi 
Range  seen  in  a  trip  along  the  Duluth  and  Iron  Range  Rail- 
way." C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Minnesota—  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey.  Re- 
port. 1887.  p.  209-399. 

9 


"Iii  this  report  Winchell  mentions  the  occurrence  of  nontit 
aniferous  magnetite."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Geology  of  Minnesota   (in  Minnesota — Geological  arid  Nat- 
ural History  Survey.     Report.      1884.     v.  1.) 

"This  contains  an  interesting  account  of  the  early  explora- 
tions and  also  describes  the  general  physical  features,  timber 
soils,  glacial  drifts  and  lakes."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Minnesota — Geological  and  Natural   History  Survey,   by   N. 
H.  Winchell  and  U.  S.  Grant.     Report.     1899.     v.  4. 

"County  maps  and  detail  maps  are  made  subjects  of  spe- 
cial chapters."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Iron  ores  of  Minnesota,  by  N.  H.  Winchell  and  H.  V.  Win- 


chell   (in   Minnesota — Geological   and   Natural    History   Survey. 
Bulletin,  no.  6.      1891.     p.  430.) 

"Written  before  the  discovery  of  ore."     C.  K.  Leith. 
Winchell,  N.  H.   Sketch  of  the  work  of  the  season  of  1878   (in  Min- 
nesota— Geological      and      Natural     History     Survey.       Report. 
1879.     p.  9-25.) 

"Professor  Winchell  here  tells  of  the  occurrence  of  iron 
ore  near  Gunflint  Lake.  The  Mesabi  Heights  are  referred  to 
as  due  to  drifts  and  to  hard  quartzite."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Some  problems  of  the  Mesabi  iron  ore  (in  Minnnesota  Geo- 
logical and  Natural  History  Survey.  Report.  1893.  p.  1  Si- 
ll'3.) 

"This  survey  gives  a  general  succession  of  the  rock  and  the 
occurrence  of  iron  ore  in  the  Mesabi  Range  and  a  discussion 
of  the  origin  of  the  ore."  C.  K.  Leith. 

-  Structural  Geology  of  Minnesota  (in  Minnesota — Geolog- 
ical and  Natural  History  Survey.  Report.  1900.  v.  5,  p. 
1-80,  972-1000.) 

"This  volume  contains  final  conclusions  on  the  general 
geology."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Taconic  iron   ores   of  Minnesota     (in     Minnesota     Geology. 


1890.     v.  6,  p.  263-274.) 

"Iron  ores  of  Minnesota  are  described  at  five  different  geo- 
logical horizons.  In  the  fall  of  1890  occurred  the  first  discov- 
ery of  merchantable  ore  in  the  Mesabi  district.  The  first  ship- 
ment was  made  in  1892."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Woodbridge,  D.  E.      Lake  Superior  iron  ore  deposits.      Engineering 
magazine,  Feb.  1906.     v.  30,  p.  753-755. 

This  article  deals  with  the  exploration  and  development 
work  on  the  Iron  Ranges  of  the  Lake  Superior  district  in  1905. 

Ores. 

Klftman.  A.   H.      Ore  deposits  in   Minnesota    (in   Minnesota    I'niver- 
sity — Yearbook  Society  of  Engineers.      1896.     v.  4,  p.  115-117.) 
This  summarizes  tlu-  different  metals  found   in   tin-    .Minne- 
sota  iron   mines. 

10 


Grade  of  iron  ores  in  relation  to  the  question  of  available  ore  re- 
serves. Scientific  American  Supplement,  May  20,  1911.  v.  71, 
p.  314-315. 

This  mentions  the  soft  grade  of  ore  in  the  Lake  Superior 
district. 

Gregory,  J.  W.  Iron  ore  supplies  of  the  world.  Scientific  Ameri- 
can Supplement,  Nov.  11,  1911.  v.  72,  p.  306-308. 

Dr.  Gregory  thinks  the  ore  supply  of  the  Mesabi  Range 
will  be  exhausted  a  few  years  hence., 

Grout,  F.  F.  Preliminary  report  on  the  clay  and  shales  of  Minne- 
sota (in  Minnesota — Geological  Survey.  Bulletin,  no.  11.  191  4. 
p.  154.  Pam.) 

Kemp,  J.  A.  Our  iron  ore  reserves.  Scientific  American  Supple- 
ment, May  27,  1911.  v.  71,  p.  325. 

The  number  of  tons  of  iron  ore  in  reserve  is  given  in  this 
article. 

Our  available  iron  ore  supply.  Scientific  American,  May  14*,  1904. 
v.  90,  p.  382. 

This  is  a  short  article  about  the  supply  of  iron  ore  and 
includes  the  Mesabi. 

Thomas,  Kirby.  Mining  ore  in  the  Mesabi  district.  Scientific 
American,  Apr.  23,  1904.  v.  90,  p.  331. 

Short  article  giving  history  of  mines  and  mining. 

Winchell,   N.   H.      Diamond  drill   core   section   of  the   Mesabi   rocks 
(in   Lake   Superior   Mining  Institute.      Proceedings.      1909.      v. 
14,  p.  156-178;  1910.     v.  15,  p.  100-141.) 
This  is  a  technical  article. 

Peat  Deposits 

Soper,  E.  K.     Peat  deposits  of  Minnesota   (in  Minnesota — Geologi- 
cal Survey.      Bulletin,  no.    16.      1919.      p.   218-240.) 
Material  is  scattered  through  these  pages. 

HISTORY  AND  EARLY  EXPLORATION. 

Allen,   James.      Report   of  Schoolcraft's   expedition   of    1832    to    the 
sources  of  the  Mississippi   River   (in   American  State   Papers- 
Military  affairs,     v.  5,  p.  330-331.) 

"Lieut.  Allen  briefly  describes  Pokegama  Falls  and  states 
that  the  river  breaks  through  a  ridge  which  trends  northeast- 
southwest.  This  is  the  first  mention  of  the  ridge  which  was 
later  known  as  the  Mesabi."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Casson,  H.  N.  Most  wonderful  Range  of  all  (in  his  Romance  of 
Steel.  1907.  p.  55-60.  Barnes.  $2.50.) 

This  is  a  most  interesting  story  of  the  discovery  of  the 
Mesabi  Range. 

Chester,  A.  H.  Romance  of  the  Ranges.  Duluth  News  Tribune. 
1914.  Pam. 

This  is  an  interesting  account  by  the  man  who  headed  the 

11 


first  expedition  party  to  the  {ron  Ranges. 

Holmes,  F.  R.  Mesabi  Range  (in  Minnesota  in  three  centuries. 
1008.  v.  1,  p.  381-385.  Pub.  Soc.  of  Minn.) 

Concise  article  on  the  History  of  the  Range  and  the  early 
ore  discoveries. 

"::"1, on !>•;•.  ear.  E.  J.  Explorations  on  the  Mesabi  Range.  Trans.  Ainer. 
Inst.  Mining  Engineers,  1897.  v.  27,  p.  537-5-11. 

*  Minnesota   History  Bulletin.      1917-1918.      v.   2,  p.    180,   4-77. 

In  the  first  article  noted:  "In  a  review  of  Lcverett  and 
Sardeson's  Surface  formations  and  agricultural  conditions  of 
Northeastern  Minnesota,  Mr.  Upham  mentions  the  Mesabi  in 
a  list  of  other  iron  ranges."  The  second  entry  has  the  fo]low- 
ing  reference:  "The  St.  Paul  Dispatch  of  May,  1918,  devotes 
neaerly  an  entire  section  to  a  description  of  the  Mesaba  iron 
range,  including  articles  on  the  origin,  development  ami  pres- 
ent condition  of  the  range  towns  of  Hibbing,  Buhl.  Mountain 
Iron  and  Eveleth.  The  section  is  profusely  illustrated  with  pic- 
tures of  the  iron  mines  and  of  public  buildings  in  the  towns." 
Minnesota  Historical  Library. 

New  Mesabi  groups.      Iron  Age,  Nov.    IK    1895.      v.   56.  p.  991. 

This  article  discusses  the  beginnings  of  Eveleth.  Hibbing 
and  Elba,  in  as  much  as  it  is  concerned  mainly  with  mining, 
but  also  brings  in  the  housing  question. 

Pike,  /.  M.      An  account  of  expeditions  to  the  sources  of  the   Mis- 
sissippi and  through  the  western  part  of  Louisiana,  performed 
by    the    order   of   the    government   of   the    United    States    during 
the  years   1805,   1806,   1807.      Philadelphia.    1810. 
Brief  mention  of  Pokegama  Falls  is  here  made. 

Sehoolcraft,  H.  R.  Summary  narrative  of  an  expedition  to  the 
sources  of  the  Mississippi  in  1820.  1855. 

"This  expedition  was  resumed  and  completed  upon  the 
diseoverv  of  the  source  in  Itaska  Lake  in  1832.  This  contains 
a  brief  mention  of  the  Pokegama  Falls."  C.  K.  Leith. 

State   Board  of  World's   Fair   Managers.      .Minnesota   iron   mines    (ia 
Minnesota.     St.  Paul,  Pioneer  Press,   1893.     p.   119-12.';.      Pain.) 
"This  is  a  brief  sketch  of  its  history,  resources  and  advan- 
tages."    Sub-title. 

Stunt/-.  G.  R.  Evidences  of  early  man  in  Northeastern  Minnesota 
(Minnesota- — -Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  Bulletin,  no.  .'>. 
1889.  p.  76-84.) 

Mr.  Stuntz  tells  what  tribes  of  Indians  lived  on  the  Mesabi 
Range  and  surrounding  country  and  mentions  the  fact  that 
they  did  some  mining. 

YViuchell,  N.  H.  Discovery  and  development  of  iron  ores  of  Min- 
nesota (Minnesota — History  Society  Collections.  1895.  v.  8, 
p.  25-10.) 

"This  article  was  read  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Min- 
ne.M>la  Historical  Society,  January  21.  1895."  Sub-title.  (t 

12 


is   mainly   historical   in    character,    telling   about   the    men    who 
were  prominent  in  the  early  discovery  and  development. 

-  Missaby   Rights    (in   Historical   sketch    of   explorations   and 
surveys  in  Minnesota.     1883.     p.  67-68.     Minneapolis,  Johnson. 

The  Mesabi  Range  was  covered  in  Nicollets     explorations. 

MINES  AND  MINING. 
Accidents  and  Accident  Prevention 

Lescohier,  D.  D.  Accidents  and  accident  prevention  in  the  Minne- 
sota iron  mines.  Survey,  Sept.  7,  1912.  v.  28,  p.  710-716. 

This  article  summarizes  a  special  investigation  of  the  acci- 
dent prevention  of  the  Oliver  Iron  Mining  Co.,  the  Minnesota 
subsidiary  of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation.  Other  companies 
are  rapidly  introducing  these  safety  devices. 

-  Risks  of  the  ore-diggers.      Survey,  July    1,   1911.      v.   26,  p. 
514-520. 

"This  is  rather  technical,  but  none  the  less  freighted  with 
a  human  story  which  gives  color  and  general  interest  to  the 
article."  Sub-title. 

-  Safety   in    concentration    plant.      Survey,     Sept.     21,      1912. 
v.  28,  p.  773-778. 

This  describes  the  machinery  in  the  plants  and  the  ways 
of  carrying  on  safety  measures  in  the  different  shops. 

Description. 

Bacon,  D.  S.  Methods  of  working  on  the  Mesabi  iron  range.  En- 
gineering and  Mining  Journal,  Sept.  11,  1897.  v.  64,  p. 
306-307. 

This  article  was  read  at  the  Lake  Superior  meeting  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  It  tells  about  the 
different  ways  of  mining  ores. 

*  Bailey,  C.  E.  Mining  methods  on  the  Mesabi  Range.  Trans.  Amer. 
Institute  of  Engineers,  1897.  v.  27,  p.  529-536. 

Brnckeiibury,  Cyril.  Methods  of  mining  on  the  Mesabi  Range, 
Mines  and  minerals,  Nov.  1900.  v.  21,  p.  150-152. 

"This  is  a  description  of  the  ore  and  also  of  the  open  pit, 
the  carving  and  milling  methods  of  mining."  Sub-title. 

"*Denton,  F.  W.  Methods  of  iron  mining  in  northern  Minnesota. 
Amer.  Inst.  Mining  Engineers,  1897.  v.  27,  p.  344  390. 

-  Open  pit  mining,  with  special  reference  to  the  Mesabi  (in 
Lake  Superior  Mining  Institute.  Proceedings.  1895.  v.  3. 
p.  84-92.) 

Devens,  Richard.  Mechanical  handling  of  materials.  Scientific- 
American  Supplement,  May  27,  1911.  v.  71,  p.  326-327. 

This  article  mentions  briefly  the  use  of  the  grab  bucket 
machine  on  the  Mesabi  Range. 

Kennedy,  F.  A.     Iron  ore  concretation  on  the  Mesabi  Range.     Engin- 

13 


eering  and   Mining  Journal,  Apr.    19,   1919.      v.    107,  p.  683-688. 

This  article  tells  about  the  washing  of  iron  ores  in  the 
Mesabi  district.  Modifications  in  machinery  and  methods  have 
been  introduced  in  some  plants. 

Lammers,  T.  L.      Engineering  and  Mining  Journal.  July-Dec.   1892. 
v.  51.     See  index  under  Mesabi. 

This  gives  new  mines  in  the  Mesabi  Range  and  also  con- 
tracts. 

Leith,  C.  K.     Mesabi  district  (in  U.  S. — Geological  Survey.     Bulle- 
tin, no.  225.      1904.     v.  222-225,  p.  218.) 

This  contains  one  paragraph  about  the  year's  work  in  1903. 
Mesabi  Iron-bearing  district  of  Minnesota  (in  U.  S.  Geolog- 
ical   Survey.      Monograph.    43.      Wash.    Govt.    Printing    Office. 
1903. 

This  government  survey  gives  a  detailed  account  of  the 
geography,  history,  description  and  origin  of  the  ores,  eco- 
nomic features  and  early  explorations  of  the  Mesabi  Range.  It 
also  gives  a  summary  of  the  literature  published  in  government, 
documents. 

Same  in  57th  Congress,  2d  session,  house  document  '129. 
McGrath,   H.  J.      Iron  mining   (in  his  Great  Northwest  ana  its  men 
of  progress,  by   H.   J.   McGrath   and   William   Stoddard.       1901. 
]).  59.     Minneapolis  Journal,  $5.00.) 

Mesabi   Iron   Range    (in  Minnesota   Academy   of  Science.      Bulletin, 
no.  5.      1911.'    p.  53-56.     Pam.) 

This  article  contains  a  description  of  tin;  rocks  and  ores 
of  the  Mesabi  Range. 

-  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  July  to  Dec.    1893.     v.  5(5. 
See  index  for  material. 

These  are  short  articles  in  the  general  mining  news  section 
which  are  interesting  for  history  material. 

-  Iron  Ao-c.  Aug.    1.  8.  22,    1895.      v.   56.  p.   216-2 19;   277-280; 
386-389. 

This  takes  up  commercial  considerations,  sampling,  cheap 
mining,  ownership  of  lands,  railroads,  and  the  three  methods  of 
mining:  shovel  mining,  milling  system  and  underground  mining, 
(in  Lake  Superior  mining  institute  proceedings.-  Report. 


Ishpeming.      Pub.  by  the  institute,   1913.) 

This  is  a  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  institute  at  the 
meeting  held  at  the  cities  of  the  Mesabi  Range. 

Pollock,  H.  M.     Treasures  of  the  earth  (in  her  Our  Minnesota.    1917. 
p.   180,  303-304.     Dutton,  $1.60.) 

This  consists  of  short  paragraphs  on  the  history  and  meth- 
ods of  mining. 
Skinner,   H.  M.      Story  of  Minnesota.      1913.      p.  30.      Chicago.      5c. 

This  is  only  a  short  paragraph. 

Spurr,   J.    E.      Original   source   of   the    Lake   Superior   iron    ores    (in 
American  Geology.      1902.     v.  29,  p.  335-349.) 

14 


This  is  a  general  article  on  the  mines. 

Warren*  O.  B.  Mahoriing  iron  mine.  Iron  Age,  Nov.  9,  1899. 
v.  64,  p.  1-3. 

This  article  describes  one  mine,  the  Mahoning  near  Rib- 
bing. 

Wilkinson,  C.  D.  Systems  of  mining  in  Minnesota  iron  mines  (in 
Minnesota  University — Yearbook  of  Society  of  Engineers.  1895. 
v.  3,  p.  4-7-51.) 

This  article  outlines  the  different  ways  of  mining. 
Reprint  in  Colliery  Engineer,  Feb.   1896.     v.   16,  p.  544. 
*Winchell,  H.  V.     Biwabik  mine,'  by  H.  V.  Winchell  and  J.  T.  Jones. 
Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Mining  Engineers.     1893.     v.  21,  p.  951-961. 

-  Iron  Range  of  Minnesota   (in  Lake  Superior  Mining  Insti- 
tute—  Proceedings.      1895.     v.  3,  p.   15-32.) 

-  Methods  of  mining.     Iron  Trade  Review,  July  21,   1892. 
Winchell,  N.  H.     Field  observations  in   1892   (in  Minnesota  Geolog- 
ical and  Natural  History  Survey.     Report.      1893.     p.  79-134.) 

"Here  is  a  brief  discussion  of  the  following  mines:  Hale, 
Cincinnati,  Biwabik,  McKiiiley.  Missabe  Mountain,  Security  and 
Virginia."  C.  K.  Leith. 

Woodbridge,  D.  E.  Iron  ore  mining  on  the  Mesabi  Range*  Engin- 
eering and  Mining  Journal,  Aug.  12,  1893.  v.  56,  p.  163. 

This  tells  about  the  stripping  of  ore  by  steam  shovels. 

Ownership  of  Mines 

Mesabi  news.  Iron  Age,  Sept.  19,  1895.  V.  56,  p.  593-594,  1339- 
1340. 

Ownership  and  railroads  are  discussed. 

Production 

Botsford.  R.  B.  Increasing  iron  ore  productions  on  the  Mesabi 
Range.  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  May  8,  1920.  v. 
109,  p.  1072-1073. 

This  gives  the  use  of  the  large  steam  shovels  in  loading 
ore  cars. 

Eckel;  E.  C.  Iron  ore  reserves.  Engineering  magazine,  Aug. -Oct. 
1912.  v.  43,  p.  665-674;  825-836;  v.  44,  p.  7-15. 

This  is  a  general  article  but  it  applies  to  the  Mesabi  Raii^r;. 
Johnson.    J.   A.      Iron   mining   in   Minnesota,    (in    60th    Congress,    2cl 
session?  senate  document  676.     v.   1,  p.   157-161.) 

"This  is  an  address  given  before  the  Joint  Conservation 
Conference,  December  9,  1908."  Sub-title. 

Kemp,  J.  F.  Outlook  for  iron  (in  Smithsonian  Institution.  Report. 
1916.  p.  289-301.) 

This  compares  the  productions  of  ore  with  other  mining 
districts. 

Mackintosh,  C.  H.  Support  for  the  first  line  trenches.  Minne- 
sotan,  July,  1917.  v.  3,  p.  23-25. 

15 


"Minnesota  furnishes  70  per  cent  of  all  the  iron  ore  used 
in  the  I  .  S.  Everyone  knows  what  iron  ore  is  doing  for  the 
Allied  forces."  Sub-title. 

Productions  of  iron  ore  in  1903.  Scientific  American,  Sept.  3,  1904. 
v.  91,  p.  151-155. 

The  Missabe  Range  is  given  as  one  of  the  foremost  mining 
districts  of  the  world. 

Selwyn-Brown,  A.     Development  of  the  world's  iron  resources.     En- 
gineering Magazine,  Oct. -Nov.   1911.     v.  42,  p.  41-16;  212-232. 
The  first  part  of  the  article  deals  with  the  production  of 
iron  ore  in  comparison  with  other  districts  of  the  Lake  Superior 
region.     The  second  part  gives  some  illustrations  of  the  mines. 
Stacy,  F.  X.      Iron  mines  that  give  us  leadership.        World's   Work. 
"Sept.  1904.     v.  8,  p.  5235-5213. 

This  article  discusses  the  method  of  mining,  transporta- 
tion, the  inexhaustible  supply  of  ore.  It  also  has  good  illus- 
trations of  the  open  pits,  and  steam  shovels. 

Willey>  D.  A.  World's  greatest  iron  ore  deposits.  Engineering 
Magazine,  Mar.  1913.  v.  44,  p.  867-868. 

This  is  a  general  article  on  the  mines  and  transportation 
of  the  ores. 

Taxation 

Woodbridge,  D.  E.  Iron  ore  super-taxation.  Engineering  and  Min- 
ing Journal.  May  3,  1919.  v.  107,  p.  791-794. 

"Although  producing  62  per  cent  of  iron  ore  mined  on  the 
continent  of  Xorth  America,  the  Mesabi  Range  is  in  a  kern 
competitive  position  with  regard  to  other  mining  districts  of 
the  world."  Sub-title. 

Transportation 

Lake  Superior  iron  ore  transportation.  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal,  Mar.  1,  1919.  v.  107,  p.  400-101. 

This  consists  of  three  excellent  illustrations. 

Wonderful  iron  mines  of  Lake  Superior.  Scientific  American.  Dec. 
11.1919.  v.  101,  p.  430-431. 

"This  is  a  good  description  of  how  the  ore  is  mined  and 
carried  in  bulk."  Sub-title. 

SOCIAL  CONDITIONS 
Education 

*ColiiTove,  P.  P.  Virginia  plan  of  industrial  education.  Bulletin 
of  affiliated  Engineering  Societies  of  Minnesota.  July  1919.  v. 
4,  p.  116-119. 

Hovt.  M.  H.  Making  Americans  in  Minnesota.  Educational  Review. 
June.  1919.  V.  58,  p.  15-20. 

This  article  by  Miss  Hoyt  gives  a  good  description  of  edu 

1(5 


cation  on  the  Mesabi  Range,  taking  Virginia  as  a  typical  Range 
town. 

Willett,  G.  W.  Some  factors  affecting  vocational  guidance  work  in 
Hibbing,  Minnesota.  Industrial  Arts  Magazine,  May,  19 If), 
v.  8,  p.  169-172. 

General 

Crane,  C.  B.  Report  on  a  campaign  to  awaken  public  interest  in 
sanitary  and  sociologic  problems  in  the  state  of  Minnesota. 
St.  Paul,  Volkszeitung,  1911.  Pam. 

There  is  no  index,  but  Eveleth,  one  of  the  Mesabi  Range 
towns,  was  one  of  the  17  towns  in  Minnesota  which  was  stud- 
ied. Reference  is  made  throughout  the  pamphlet  to  Eveleth 
and  compared  with  the  other  cities. 

Minnesota — Labor  bureau.  Third  district,  exclusive  of  Duluth  (in 
Biennial  report.  1904.  v.  1,  p.  324-382.) 

The  tables  in  this  volume  give  the  industries  other  than 
mining  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  Mesabi  Range,  also  the 
number  of  employes,  time  worked*  etc. 

Moulton,  W  .H.  Sociological  side  of  the  mining  industry  (in  Lake 
Superior  Mining  Institute.  Proceedings.  1909-1911.  v.  14-16, 
p.  82-98.) 

This  is  a  general  article  about  the  Lake  Superior  iron 
ranges  arid  copper  mines,  but  is  tj^pical  of  the  Mesabi  Range. 

O'Donnell,  John.  Mines  and  quarries  (in  Minnesota — Labor 
bureau.  Report.  1904.  v.  1,  p.  349-373.) 

This  article  takes  up  the  salaries  of  the  different  employes 
of  the  mines  and  other  interesting  facts  and  tables  concerning 
the  mining  industry. 

Virtue,  G.  O.  Minnesota  iron  mines  (in  U.  S. — Labor  dept.  Bul- 
letin, no.  18.  1909.  p.  338-396.) 

Mr.  Virtue  discusses  every  phase  of  the  sociological  con- 
ditions of  the  Range,  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner. 

Immigrants  and  Americanization 

Fawoett,  W.  Mining  of  iron.  Century,  Mar.  1901.  v.  61.  p.  712- 
725. 

This  tells  about  the  mines  and  miners  during  the  early 
years. 

Hodges,  L.  Immigrant  life  in  the  ore  region  of  Northern  Minnesota 
Survey,  Sept.  7,  1912.  v.  28,  p.  703-709. 

Immigrant  life  and  social  conditions  are  pictured  very  well 
in  this  article. 

Pfeiffer,  C.  W.  From  Bohunks  to  Finns.  Survey,  Apr.  1,  19  HI. 
v.  36,  p.  8-14. 

"This  is  an  account  of  the  scale  of  life  among  the  ore 
strappings  of  the  Northwest."  Sub-title. 

17 


Walker.   I.  M.      Book   pedlier  glorified.      Public  Libraries.  Feb.   1920. 
v.  25,  p.   55-61. 

This  is  an  interesting  account  of  a  trip  made  by  the  "Book 
Wag-on''  to  one  of  the  outlying  districts  near  Hibbing. 
Wnlker,  i.  M.     Library  an  Americanizing  factor  on  the  Range.    Wis. 
Library  Bulletin,  Oct.  1918.     v.  14,  p.  209-213. 

This   is  an   excellent  description   of  the    social    and   educa- 
tional conditions  on  the  Mesabi  Range. 

Strikes 

Cheney,  C.  B.     Labor  crisis  and  a  governor.     Outlook.  May  2.   1908. 
V.  89,  p.  24-30. 

''This  tells  how  a  strike  was  averted  on  the  Mesabi  Range. 
The  names  of  the   strike  leaders  show   what  a  melange   of  na- 
tionalities exist  in  this  part  of  Minnesota."     Sub-title. 
Cothren,   M.  B.     When  strike-breakers    strike.       Survey,    Aug.     26, 
1916.     v.  36,  p.  535-536. 

"This    gives    the    demands    of    the    miners    on    the    Mesabi 
Range." 

End    of   the   Mesabi    Range    strike.      Survey,    Jan.    6,    1917.      v.    37, 
p.  411-412. 

This   is  a   short   article  bearing   on   a   special   murder   case 
during  the  strike  of  1916. 
*George  H.     Victory  on  the  Mesabi  Range.     International  Socialist 

Review,  Jan.  1917.     v.   17,  p.  429-431. 

Minnesota's  striking  iron-miners.      Literary   Digest,   Sept.   23,    1916. 
v.  53,  p.  732-733. 

This  is  an  unprejudiced  treatise  of  the  strike  in  1916,  giv- 
ing the  causes  and  quoting  two  articles,  one  in  sympathy  with 
the  miners,  the  other  by  Mr.  Dennett  for  the  employers. 
Vorse.  M.  H.     Alining  strike  in  Minnesota.     Outlook,  Aug.  30,   1916. 
v.  113,  p.  1036,  1045-1048. 

This  is  a  general  article  on  the  strike  of  1916. 

West.  G.   P.     Mesaba  Range  strike.     New  Republic.  Sept.  2,   1916. 
v.  8.  p.   108-109. 

This  summarizes  the  strike  of  1916. 


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